| Authors |
Tarkhanova Elena Sergeevna, Candidate of sociological sciences, associate professor, sub-department of sociology and staff management, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: helena_82@mail.ru
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| Abstract |
Background. The problem of women’s unemployment remains one of the main socio-economic problems of modern Russian society, due to many factors and causes. First of all, this was due to the development of a market economy and the reform of the main spheres of society, which resulted in a change in the position of women in the labor market and in society. The purpose of the work is to analyze the dynamics of female unemployment from the beginning of the 90s to the present, highlight the socio-economic aspects of female unemployment, characterizing the characteristics of this problem in today’s reality, and also identify promising areas of employment for women and overcome the negative consequences of their unemployment.
Materials and methods. We used the methods of traditional analysis and generalization of statistical indicators, scientific and periodical literature, as well as methods of secondary analysis of various sociological surveys on the topic under study. Special attention is paid to a comparative analysis of indicators of female unemployment from the 1990s to the present. The methods used and the secondary analysis of various studies on the topic under study allowed us to identify the most significant features of this problem.
Results. The results of the study showed that the problem of female unemployment is still relevant. The work highlights the main causes and types of female unemployment. It is largely due to the development of market relations, socioeconomic instability and is associated with the sectoral structure of the economy, as well as gender contradictions in society and discrimination in the labor market. Women and men have different opportunities in the means and ways of finding work, because in modern society a lot depends on the existing social ties and the distribution of power in society. In this regard, as a rule, in difficult circumstances, it is women who become prime candidates for dismissal, and later, they have problems finding work and finding employment, because potential employers consider them “unprofitable” workers because of possible interruptions work that may arise from a relationship with marriage, pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare, as well as a decrease in the level of qualification during this period. In this regard, women mostly lower their social status and are forced to “seek” help by registering with employment services that provide them with social benefits, various services and the possibility of employment. In modern Russian society, increasing the competitiveness of unemployed women by developing their entrepreneurial activity is of particular importance.
Conclusions. The analysis of statistical and theoretical data, as well as a secondary analysis of the results of various sociological studies, led to the conclusion that in Russian society, the problem of unemployment among women is a consequence of the emergence of a market economy, the development of social and labor relations and changes in the structure of society as a whole. In modern socio-economic conditions, female unemployment is only increasing, especially at the regional level, having a negative impact on the economic situation in the country. Therefore, in the future it is necessary to solve this problem comprehensively at all levels, improving well-functioning mechanisms and developing new approaches to analyzing and solving the problem under study to improve the status and adaptation of women in the social and labor sphere, as well as reduce the indicators and negative consequences of female unemployment.
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| Key words |
unemployment, discrimination, female unemployment, inequality, causes of unemployment, factors of unemployment
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| References |
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